The Long History of Racial and Sexual Discrimination Free Essays

MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay

MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay The two most significant parts of the MLA design are the in-content references and the works refered to page. MLA group book index basic paper requires incidental documentation framework. It implies that references which author utilized while composing a basic article ought to be put inside brackets all through the paper. The references point to sources in an ordered rundown of works refered to which are put toward the end in a type of basic reasoning paper list of sources. The MLA in-content references are like APA in-content references. The fundamental contrast between them is that MLA in-content references contain the name of the creator and the page number without comma between them, while APA in-content references contain the name of the creator and the date with comma between them. It-content references distinguish the particular area of obtained material. The incidental data should supplement, not rehash, material given in your work. Basic Essay Writing Great comprehension of the theme, profound examination of the scholarly work and pundits are the most fundamental strides for basic article composing. While composing a basic exposition, the understudy ought to exhibit their composition and thinking aptitudes. Composing a basic article for understudy is fairly troublesome assignment and it requires some investment. Before composing the understudy ought to comprehend the issue and afterward clarify it in composed structure. The understudy ought to abstain from summing up the content while composing a basic paper, the objective is to decipher significances of the content. Make a layout to encourage basic exposition composing. Scholastic exposition requires a distinct configuration: early on passage, body sections and end. Recollect that the peruser expects your basic exposition being unique: List of sources Format On the off chance that you chose to compose basic exposition in MLA style you ought to recall that it implies that your work must have a rundown of sources with full bibliographic data toward the finish of the article. This page ordinarily has the title ''. It begins with another page and proceeds with the quantity of the pages. You should hold the configuration during the time spent basic paper composing, so as in the entire record the page number set in the upper-right hand corner, a large portion of an inch from the top. The title ought to be set at the focal point of the basic exposition spread page, an inch from the highest point of the page. There ought to be twofold space among title and the primary passage. Bibliographic reference permits your perusers to discover the sources you utilized for composing a basic exposition. Bibliographic reference ought to conta Basic Essay Writing Help Numerous understudies feel lost in the abundance of referencing quirks. You ought to comprehend that elegantly composed, in any case, ineffectively referenced basic paper will bring about a poor quality. offers you to utilize our composing help to guarantee passing marks. We will organize your basic article in understanding to the necessary composition and referencing style. In addition, the works refered to page is without given! Well known posts: Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Thesis Research Paper Proposal Research Paper Ideas Research Paper Format

Inositol Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions

Inositol Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions Holistic Health Print The Health Benefits of Inositol Natural compound may help boost mood and metabolism By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Caitilin Kelly, MD on January 29, 2020 Caitilin Kelly, MD, is a clinical physician at  Indiana University  Health Bloomington Hospital and is board-certified in internal medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Caitilin Kelly, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Inositol is a substance found naturally in cantaloupe, citrus fruit, and many fiber-rich foods (such as beans, brown rice, corn, sesame seeds, and wheat bran). It is also sold in supplement form and used as a complementary therapy to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including metabolic and mood disorders. Inositol is often referred to as vitamin B8, but it is not actually a vitamin. Its a type of sugar that influences the insulin  response and several hormones associated with mood and cognition. Inositol also has antioxidant properties that fight the damaging effects of free radicals in the brain, circulatory system, and other body tissues. D-chiro-inositol, inositol hexaphosphate (often referred to as IP6) and the compound  myo-inositol are the  most widely used inositol supplements.  They are generally considered safe if taken appropriately. Commonly Known As inositolD-chiro-inositolinositol hexaphosphate (or IP6) myo-inositol Verywell / Cindy Chung Health Benefits Alternative health providers recommend inositol supplements for a wide range of health conditions, including: AnxietyDepressionDiabetesHigh cholesterolMetabolic syndromePanic disorderPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) In addition, inositol is believed by some to slow the progression of Alzheimers disease and prevent certain cancers. Some people also use inositol to promote hair growth or overcome insomnia. Research, however, is lacking. According to the latest research, inositol may be beneficial for some disorders, including mental health issues, PCOS, and metabolic disorders. Heres a closer look at the science. Mood and Anxiety Disorders Inositol is believed to improve depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders by stimulating the production of the feel-good hormones serotonin and dopamine. The hypothesis is largely supported by research in which myo-inositol concentrations in blood is suggested a reliable marker for clinical depression. The benefits have mostly been seen in people with panic disorder (PD) in whom depression is common. A small study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology investigated the effect of myo-inositol on 20 people with PD. After being provided a daily 18-gram dose of myo-inositol for four weeks, the participants were given a daily 150-mg dose of Luvox (fluvoxamine)â€"a commonly prescribed psychiatric drugâ€"for the four weeks. When compared to a matched set of individuals not given myo-inositol, those who did had an average of 2.4 fewer panic attacks per week. A number of other studies have investigated the use of inositol with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used to treat a variety of depressive and anxiety disorders. The results have thus far been inconclusive. While an earlier double-blind study found that a daily 12-gram dose of inositol improved depression scores compared to people provided a placebo, the results have not been replicated elsewhere. In addition to panic disorder, inositol may be useful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) given its effect on serotonin and dopamine levels. Metabolic Disorders There is evidence to suggest inositol can correct may metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of high blood pressure, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. A 2016 pilot study published in the International Journal of Endocrinology reported that people with type 2 diabetes given  myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol daily along with their anti-diabetes drugs had a significant drop in their fasting blood glucose (192.6 mg/dL down to 160.9 mg/dL) and A1C (8.6 percent down to 7.7 percent) after three months. Another small study published in the journal Menopause suggested that myo-inositol may aid in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. According to the research, women assigned to six months of myo-inositol supplements experienced significantly greater improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels than women provided a placebo. When treated with myo-inositol, women with metabolic syndrome experienced an 11 percent drop in diastolic blood pressure, a 20 percent drop in triglycerides, and a 22 percent increase in good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. All of these values translate to an improvement of metabolic syndrome as well as a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) D-chiro-inositol may help manage PCOS, according to a small study published in  Endocrine Practice. For this study, 20 women with PCOS were given either a placebo or 6 grams of D-chiro-inositol once daily for six to eight weeks. The results revealed that D-chiro-inositol helped treat several abnormalities associated with PCOS, including high blood pressure and elevated levels of blood fats. In addition, elevated testosterone levels (consistent with PCOS-related hormone imbalances) decreased by 73 percent compared to 0 percent for those given a placebo. Generally speaking, a normalization of hormonal balances translates to an improvement of PCOS symptoms. Other Benefits Inositol has also been found to reduce psoriasis symptoms in people taking lithium, a drug commonly prescribed to treat bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. Depending on the usage, lithium-induced psoriasis can affect anywhere from 3 percent to 45 percent of users. Possible Side Effects Inositol is  generally considered safe in adults. Side effects, if any, tend to be mild and may include nausea, stomach pain, tiredness, headache, and dizziness. Most side effects occur with doses greater than 12 g per day. The metabolic effects of inositol may not be appropriate for everyone. Even in people with diabetes, the prolonged use or overuse of inositol may lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Although there are some studies to suggest inositol may be helpful in bipolar disease, there is also concern about it possibly causing a manic or hypomanic episode. A current NIH study is evaluating the effect of inositol hexaphosphate in subjects with bipolar disorder. There is also some concern that high doses of inositol hexaphosphate may reduce the bodys ability to absorb zinc, calcium, iron, and other essential minerals, triggering a nutritional deficiency even if youre eating a balanced diet. As a dietary supplement, inositol products are not tested for safety, and its effect on  pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children has not been established. As such, it is best to speak with your doctor before trying this or any other natural remedy. Dosage and Preparation Inositol supplements are sold as tablets and capsules. There is no recommended daily allowance for inositol and there is no standardized dosing schedule. Manufacturers recommend the following doses for supporting individual conditions: Metabolic Syndrome: 2 gram twice dailyPCOS: 2 gram twice dailyLithium-Related Psoriasis: up to 6 grams once dailyAnxiety and Panic Attacks: up to 12 grams daily What to Look For Widely available for purchase online, inositol supplements can also be found in natural foods stores and those specializing in dietary supplements.  To ensure quality and safety, always look for products tested and approved by an independent certifying body like the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), NSF International, or ConsumerLab. If you decide to take an inositol supplement, speak with your doctor to ensure that its appropriate based on your health and medical history. Other Questions Can I get inositol from food? Yes! Foods rich in inositol also offer fiber and nutrients needed for good, long-term health. This includes fruits, beans, grains, and nuts. Cantaloupe, oats, bran, and citrus fruits (other than lemons) are especially rich in myo-inositol. Cooking or freezing fruits and vegetables reduces their inositol content. There is very little inositol in milk or yogurt.   Can inositol cure autism? While inositol is sometimes touted as a treatment for autism, there is no scientific evidence to support those claims. It may, however, help to ease symptoms of anxiety, a common co-morbidity of autism. Will inositol regrow hair? The supplement is often touted as a cure for thinning hair and balding, but the research is lacking. There is some evidence that inositol helps to reduce testosterone and balance hormones in women with PCOS, which may help reverse thinning hair associated with the condition. A Word From Verywell Due to the lack of quality research, it is too soon to consider inositol supplements as an effective, standalone treatment for any health condition. With that being said, inositol is generally well tolerated if taken in moderation.

Enterprise Resource Planning Is The Fruit Of The Hard Work

Introduction Some years ago, there had been a situation in the market that every Business Company or organization had faced the problem of sharing their data within their different trades of the company. And also the problem of integrating all the information into one base structure, which created a burning problem affecting the efficiencies of the organizations. Every organization was waiting to have an organized system which could save all their work and collaborate all the information and communicate among themselves. It was a situation of having a desperate need of new build system, which would improve their process. The complications aroused in every single business process i.e. from the start to end point of developing and delivering†¦show more content†¦But due to some factors like cost, time etc. it would not be possible. So, there could be some situations that it might fail due to miscellaneous reasons and bringing down the organization to an even more worse condition. Hershey’s chocolate factory Background It is one of the leading chocolate manufacturer in the North America. It is a very famous brand for chocolates that every child wants to have one. This chocolate business is started by Mr. Milton S Hershey in 1876 and was been established in the year 1894. According to the statistics the Hershey’s company contributes 80% of its sales for only chocolates and the remaining 20% on other products. This company products are sold almost all countries across the globe and also provides employment for around 16000 people. Goals The company has decided to implement ERP system to increase its efficiency and the management process in the year 1996, and after deciding on it they have given approval for the project â€Å"Enterprise21†. To implement the ERP system the company has selected the SAP’s R/3 ERP software, Manugistic’s Supply Chain Management software and Seibel’s CRM software and IBM global service to get integrated with these three systems which would be beneficial in bringing good output for the company. The recommend time for the company was 4 years and they did not listen to that and had no patience and ordered to do it in 2.5 years which made it more worse than the present, as the time was not sufficient to deliver

Evangelism Is A Vital Aspect Of Church Work - 1718 Words

Evangelism is a vital aspect of church work. Without evangelism, the church cannot grow. The word itself describes the idea of reaching out and converting people to Christ. Unfortunately, we have lost sight of this noble goal. The command of our Savior to go into all of the world and preach the gospel is often taught, but rarely followed (Matt. 28:19-20; Mark 16:15-16). Poor teaching and faulty approaches to outreach are responsible for this. We must remedy these problems in order for the church of our Lord to grow as God desires. Remedying the problems that the church faces is not easy. They are deeply rooted and people will create road-blocks to solutions. Our first approach to solving these issues rests in education. How effective will an evangelistic campaign be if the members are not trained? People will only do as well as they are taught and challenged; therefore, we need to formulate a solid educational program relating to evangelism. The first phase of this is teaching member s where evangelism starts: in the church itself. Church evangelism starts with members fellowshipping outside of the building and showing concern for their brothers and sisters. We cannot reasonably expect any campaign to be successful without the members being close-knit. The community needs to see the congregation exhibit a family-like environment. Our members should feel like their spiritual families are closer to them than their physical families. The goal for the congregation should beShow MoreRelatedChristian Evangelism And Discipleship On Christ s Command Of Christ1625 Words   |  7 PagesFollow Up Plan Follow-up is essential to fulfilling the command of Christ to make disciples of all nations. It is the bridge between evangelism and discipleship Waylon Moore once said, â€Å"There is no continuing New Testament evangelism without follow-up. They are God’s ‘two-edged sword’ for reaching men and making them effective disciples for Christ.† The sad reality is that, according to Alvin Reid, â€Å"churches have neglected follow-up. We have left a generation of baby Christians stranded, unsureRead MoreNature And Mission Of The Church1252 Words   |  6 Pagesi.)Describe the nature and mission of the Church. What are the primary tasks today? The nature of the Church is to be the universal body of Christ that is diverse, yet unified in mission. It is made up of faith communities or congregations that intermingle with the culture and place in which they live in order to live out the mission of the church. The nature of the church and its mission are interconnected to the point they cannot be separated . According to â€Å"Basic Christian Affirmations† : â€Å"WithRead MoreThe Church Of The Christian Faith1392 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Christian faith was revealed in Scripture, illumined by tradition, vivified in personal experience, and confirmed by reason. Stephen Gunter writes, Perhaps no theological topic has been the focus of more debate with The United Methodist Church over the past quarter century than the Wesleyan Quadrilateral . It should be noted that John Wesley never used the term Wesleyan Quadrilateral to describe his process of theological affirmation. The Wesleyan Quadrilateral has been misinterpretedRead MoreCommunication, Photography And Social Media Class1692 Words   |  7 Pagesapathetic dissonance to enthusiastic nods of agreement. What I discovered was a developing themes of human expression that equated to unfulfilled needs and/or voids. Therefore, I will attempt to engage and discuss the eight video’s assigned for Evangelism, Photography and Social Media class. I will analyze the attempted message of each video based on the developing theme of â€Å" the four unmet human needs† first through a theological lens, then as a sociological issue, and finally how each videoRead MoreThe Ministry Of Jesus Christ1712 Words   |  7 Pagesmissional community, I think about re-envisioning God’s mission by embracing and practicing two vital parts of the work of the Holy Spirit through the church. These two aspects are the encounter with the Holy Spirit and the process of transformation, which is led by the Spirit. Both of them are equally essential in becoming witnesses to the coming Kingdom. Without experiencing God, it is impossible for the church to celebrate life and to truly participate in Jesus’ ministry. When engaging with the neighborsRead MoreSummary Of The King Jesus Gospel1131 Words   |  5 Pagesrecommendations about evangelism as well a suggestion to create a gospel culture. Concrete Responses Salvation or Gospel Culture As a committed follower of Catholic doctrine, the sacramental processes are considered insufficient, for example, infant baptism. However, I always hear the church deacon emphasis that evangelicalism is enough to affirm an individual’s faith. In this regard evangelicalism is ‘soterian’ instead of being ‘evangelion’ as indicated by McKnight. This implies that the church leaders supportRead MoreKey Elements Of Dance797 Words   |  4 Pagessimple, steps and applying the technique to each movement. However, one can never truly perfect a certain technique; there is always something new to improve or learn. It is not possible to achieve perfection, but still, in every area of the dancer’s work, he strives for excellence and mastery of the technique. Artistry The next step in developing as a dancer is to begin playing with artistry. As dancers advance in technique, expression becomes essential in growth as an artist. On one hand, a dancerRead MoreThe Mission And Mission Of The Churchs Global Outreach1414 Words   |  6 Pagesministering to those who lack the knowledge of Christ. Culbertson and Gailey define missions as the â€Å"attempt to fulfill God s call to make disciples of all people† (Culbertson 224). In Discovering Missions, Culbertson and Gailey speak on the countless aspects of missions and the importance of global mission. The term mission means â€Å"sending out† or â€Å"assigned task† (Culbertson 9). Missiology is a reflection upon the practice of Christian mission (Culbertson 9). The difference between mission and missionsRead MoreWhat Is The Church, Why Does It Matter?1842 Words   |  8 PagesIntegrative Paper on What is the Church, Why Does it Matter? Nupur James Systematic Theology II Dr James E. Pedlar April 15th 2015 The Church is the most vital in God s plan, thus it must be in our own comprehension. In spite of the fact that numerous theologies have overlooked ecclesiology, the precept of the congregation is a vital segment of Christian truth. It is the most noticeable piece of Christian theology, and it is essentially joined with each other. The congregationRead MoreConcentric Circles of Concern2134 Words   |  9 PagesCircles of Concern. Nashville: Broadman Holman Publishers, 1999. Author Information Dr. W. Oscar Thompson Jr. served in the pastorate for twenty years before becoming a faculty member in the area of evangelism at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary serving in the area of evangelism.. He also served as the president of the Oscar Thompson Evangelistic Association. In the later portion of his life Thompson was himself diagnosed with terminal cancer. What may have been a death sentence to

Organisational Change Management At Nokia- Booster Programme

Question: Describe about organisational change management at Nokia? Answer: Executive Summary For this project, The Company we have selected is the Nokia. Nokia is a world famous company into telecommunication, originated from Finland and was established in 1865. Nokia being a renowned mobile devices manufacturing company and holding a prominent market position was affected due to major technologies adopted by its competitors in the mobile communication industry. The aim of this project is to discuss how the Nokia undergone major strategic changes to regain its market position. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Introduction Nokia has undergone a major organisational restructuring, in which it has revived its organisational goal, vision, mission and objectives into clear and specific new strategies as per the current market requirements or competition (Amanda, 2013). In the past recent years Nokia has lost its market throne to its competitors Samsung and Apple, because Nokia failed in adopting latest mobile technologies, because of which the company struggled to regain its profit and revive its market top position again. This project thus focuses on how Nokia has brought major organisational strategic change by adopting Windows Phone Platform (Muhammad, 2010). Organisational Change at Nokia Change is an unavoidable process or a phenomenon. An organisational change can be achieved only bringing behavioural changes in the individuals of the organisation. A change in the organisation cannot be achieved by bringing changes in the group, teams or company. An organisational change can only be achieved when individual changes (Kotze, 2006, p.17) At Nokia Company the major organisational change happened with the initiation of Booster Programme in the year 2008. The Booster Programme was introduced looking at the ever changing customer aspirations and development of latest technologies among the competitors. In the Booster Programme, the company restructured its nine business units into four business units. With the purpose to include rapid production and innovation, the company also restructured all its manufacturing and development processes into just three horizontal business units (Amanda, 2013). The Booster Programme came up as a daunting organisational Change programme for Nokia. This programme was brought in effective in just one week by providing 100 new jobs. With the onset of new jobs, the old Nokia employees jobs were saved and they were not required to switch other jobs. The only change these employees faced was that the teams to which they belonged were reconfigured. This reconfiguration of teams was done with a mindset of skilfully and rapidly reconfiguring its human resources so as to meet the ever changing customer needs and demands (v, 2010). With the implementation of team reconfiguration, the Nokias senior teams were totally committed to deeply involve the employees into organisational strategies and implementing the organisations structure based on projects. Now looking at the adoption of latest technologies by the various competitors, Nokia shifted its strategic change towards the development of technological platforms through which millions of people worldwide can join together easily and rapidly. Thus the companys long term success was seen in its capacity of bringing innovations. At the worst time of recession in 2009, the companys innovative ideas of involvement and constantly strategising were put on test. During this time the decision taken by Nokia was to actively involve all its employees worldwide into the business transformations. At this time the companys whole focus was on its Market business, which was a newly formed enterprise whose focus was on retaining the customers and creating new and prompt customer solutions. In the past years, Nokias major emphasis was on developing a flexible and adaptive organisation by using the talents of its employees present in the market business. This was the time when the Company Nokia entered its Booster Programme (Martin, 2010) The origin of the Nokias Booster Programme was marked in the year 2008. This programme began with a team comprising of Maximilian Kammerer and Ian Gee and two other designers, whose aim was to boost the awareness and skills of each Nokia employee by motivating the regional teams to work efficiently and effectively across various functions. Another aim was to enhance the capacity of utilising and acquiring the external resources so as to meet the organisational performance goals. The last aim was to transform the whole business units from line based structure to an organisation where all the competencies can be pooled through a pragmatic or a project structure. Nokia was very ambitious for this program and thus it ensured to cover all the 5000 employees and encourage the concept of cross-functional and cross-hierarchical working. Above all the budget and time for this programme to be rolled was very less i.e. just three months and Nokia successfully implemented this program within the decided timeline and budget. The Nokias design team was very clear with the point that if they follow top to down traditional approach in bringing the change then it will be a very slow process and will not allow the timely involvement of employees being a part of the solution by using emerging technologies. With the rapid onset of social latest network technologies a new environment has been created in which Nokia has to make a long term commitment for its employees by involving them to play at a faster rate and come out with innovative and critical thinking (Zell, 2003). The team for Booster Programme decided working on two streams of activities. One was two day face to face workshops with the team leaders and the second was creating online social network community which ensures the broader involvement of all communities. The two day workshops were designated to major location in the World like Beijing, New York, London, Dubai and Paris where about 100 change leaders were allotted to each workshop. These workshops were designed to teach the employees about the major change the Company will be undergoing and to tell them why change is important and how they will be benefitted so that minimum resistance come at the time of implementation (Cameron, 2012) After the completion of the workshops, around 700 employees returned back to their teams and engaged themselves in the ongoing process of change. At this point the online social committee created came into the picture. The design team with the specialist partners or designers came up with an intranet site which was accessible to al the employees of the markets business and workshop participants. This intranet site helped the senior managers and change leaders to easily conversate and exchange ideas with the experts and community members. Thus the combination of traditional workshop and latest online community proved to be a success where 5000 employees joined the booster programme and made the communication and interaction among the employees, community members and senior managers a easy task. Resistance When the company announced for manufacturing windows based phone- Lumia, thousands of employees protested as they were shocked that they might lose their jobs. They also argues that Nokia Lumia phone is not capable of adapting different hardware. With this decision, there were waves of resignation by the top leaders like Chairman, vice president, CTO (Culcmsralte, 2012). Apart from employees Nokia saw the resistance from the market and customers too because they disliked the Microsoft and its offerings. Also the network operators were against the Windows phone because they got worried with the skype (Yarow, 2012) feature available at Windows phone which will risk their international calling business. The shareholders also showed resistance because their share price drastically dropped by 10% (Amanda, 2013) Managing Resistance to Change Nokia can manage the resistance by adopting various strategies. It could have educated the staff about the change and explained them why it is important and how they will be benefitted. The staff could have got the support from their managers who timely educate them about the change and help them to overcome their fear and anxiety. The resignations could have controlled by offering incentives and benefits after implementing the change. In case if employees are still not ready for change then forcefully they have to make accept the change by threatening them to loss of their jobs (ADKAR, 2013). Conclusion The Nokia is really working hard in connecting its people. The best example we discussed above is its Booster Programme. The company is bringing organisational changes to cope with the competition but the employees are affected with such changes. The effectiveness of change management is measured by how the stakeholders goals and interests are satisfied (Paton, 2000). Nokias decision to switch to Windows phone has been a controversial discussion. This decision has been logical but was not totally nonsense. This decision was made in a rush because of which all the stakeholders were shocked and lead to disastrous consequences (Wall Street Journal, 2010). Thus from the above project we can conclude saying that Organisation first should identify the reason for change. In an Organisation there are different people working together whose mindset and risk taking capacity is different. They have creative mindsets and when the ideas get insufficient then comes the entry of brainstorming sessions. Thus we can say that Organisational changes are good for the organisation if they are properly planned, managed and executed. Although Nokia started its Booster Program to eliminate the gap of communication at the time of change and initiated the workshop programs but still its decision towards Windows Platform mobile application did not proved to be a success. References ADKAR Change Management Model Overview. (2013). Change Management Learning Center. Retrieved from :https://www.change-management.com/tutorial-adkar-overview.htm Amanda H.C. Lam. (2013). Change Management at Nokia. Retrieved from https://dadablog.net/publications/ChangeManagementAtNokia.pdf CAMERON, E. and GREEN, M. (2012). Making Sense of Change Management : A Complete Guide to the Models Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change 3rd ed. 3rd ed. Kogan Page Ltd. Culcmsralte. (2012). Change and resistance to change. Leading in a changing world. Retrieved from https://culcmsralte.wordpress.com/2012/04/01/change-and-resistance-to-change/ Kotze, R. S., 2006.Performance: The Secrets of Successful Behaviour.s.l.:Financial Times Prentice Hall. Muhammad Habibullah Khan. (2010). Project of Change Management on Nokia. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/27597324/Project-of-Change-Management-on-Nokia#scribd Martin. (2010). Inside Nokias Booster Programme. Maemo.org. Retrieved from https://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=42435 Paton, R and McCalman, J. (2000). Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation. 2nd Edition, London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Leading Change, Transition Transformation. (2013). Retrieved from :https://www.adelaide.edu.au/hr/strategic/leading_change_toolit.pdf The Wall Street Journal. ( 2011). Full Text: Nokia CEO Stephen Elops Burning Platform Memo. The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones Company, Inc. Retrieved from: https://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2011/02/09/full-text-nokia-ceo-stephen-elopsburning-platform-memo/. YAROW, J. (2012). Nokia's CEO Talks About How Skype Affects Carrier Relations. Business Insider, Inc. Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com/nokias-ceo-says-carriers-hate-skype-and-its-affecting-windows-phone-sales-2012-5. ZELL, D., (2003). Organizational change as a process of death, dying, and rebirth. The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 73-96 ABI/INFORM Global. ISSN 00218863.

Research Essay on Southeast Asia free essay sample

The definition of the phrase ‘Settlement pattern’ is associated with the understanding of how a particular society used the available resources in its region. The phrase can also be described as the actual land upon which a settlement is built. So what exactly is the pattern of settlements in Southeast Asia? Some say that the pattern of human settlement in Southeast Asia is dispersed settlements where buildings are spread out; an example would be the rural areas of Philippines, where different villages are at different parts of the country. Others say that it’s more like linear settlements that grow in a line, often alongside roads, river valleys or the coast, for example, the dense population in the rural part of the Mekong and Irrawaddy rivers. Yet, a handful also say that it’s more like nucleated settlements with buildings grouped close together and are found at cross roads, like Singapore, where it is clustered by tall buildings and settlements. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Essay on Southeast Asia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, it is hard to decide on what pattern are the settlements in the region; is it the dispersal settlement, the linear settlement or the nucleated settlement – or people are just looking for a place where it can satisfy their basic needs of food and shelter? However, there are many factors that affect the settlement patterns. The location and the growth of a settlement depend on its site. The site is the place where people locate their settlement and the progress of their settlement will depend on its accessibility and availability of natural resources. There are also four specific variables, the economic factor, the physical factor, the technological factor and the historical factor that have the most impact on the nature of human settlement of all kinds. These variables control the desire of settlers to move to another location in order to gain rewards and start afresh. The economic factor is the necessary cause of settlement and the physical, technological and historical factors are all sufficient causes of a settlement. The guarantee of material reward is one of the most important factors in human settlement. More profit in proportion to labour exerted is the core in dictating settlement patterns. Communication and resources are as important too, as communication increases trading and pioneer settlers require wood for fuel and building to build a settlement. Next comes the physical factors. The few physical factors that influence the location of a settlement include, the water supply (settlements always require water to get on with their daily life, so they often choose a location on wet point sites for this), defence (locating their settlement on a high ground gives them an advantage during periods of war, such as high ground allow people to look out for enemies) and natural harbour. An example would be the fertile river valleys, especially in the delta areas, like the Mekong and Irrawaddy rivers, which provides a constant source of water, food and transport. The technological influences are connected to the physical environment to a certain extent. The technological composition of the current settlement is a result of assimilating to the natural topography, as well as the availability of resources. Language and ethnic compatibility are not exception. The nature of a settlement has its own language and lingo, this is one of the cultural norms that make up a society, making it easier for others to fit in and discouraging outsiders from interfering. By having their own lingo, outsiders would not have a clue what the others are talking about. Thus they will feel discourage from joining their group. This not only makes similar settlers more comfortable to fit in but it also makes the community more bonded. Climate also affects settlement patterns in numerous ways. Colder countries tend to have lesser population than warmer countries. For example, Alaska has the smallest population in the United States. Extreme climate conditions may play a role too, Sometimes it is even impossible to inhabit that area, due to the weather conditions. A land’s geographical location can determine whether an area has higher risk of experiencing an earthquake or not. Singapore is considered very blessed as her geographical location is very well shielded by other larger countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Furthermore, we do not sit on the earthquake belt. However Japan and Indonesia are less fortunate, as they are located right on the earthquake belt and are constantly experiencing earthquake every now and then. If your settlement is located nearby to a river, there will be a reliable source of food and transportation which adds to the land’s desirability. Some people are drawn to coastal areas as these areas offer a number of recreational activities, such as surfing or wakeboarding and access to water transportation. Maybe they also appreciate the value of waterfront property. In this essay, I have come to the conclusion that Southeast Asia has more than one pattern of settlements. Instead, it has three, namely, the dispersal settlement, the linear settlement and the nucleated settlement. Although I have stated more than one factor that affect the pattern of settlements, I think that the economic factor is the most significant. However, the other factors have a part to play in the distribution of settlements in Southeast Asia as well.

Conjugating the French Verb Souffrir (to Suffer)

Conjugating the French Verb Souffrir (to Suffer) Souffrir  (to suffer, to endure, to tolerate, to be in pain) is an  irregular French  -ir  verb. Below are simple  conjugations  of the verb  souffrir; the conjugation table does not include compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb  avoir  with the past participle  souffert. Within irregular  -ir  verb conjugations, there are some  patterns. Two groups exhibit similar characteristics and conjugation patterns. Then there is a final, large category of extremely irregular  -ir  verbs that follow no pattern. Souffrir IS AN IRREGULAR -IR- VERB Soufrir  lies in the second group of irregular  -ir  verbs that display a pattern. The second group of verbs includes verbs like souffrir that all end in -frir  or  -vrir. These verbs, surprisingly,  are all  conjugated like  regular  -er  verbs. Souffrir IS CONJUGATED LIKE VERBS ENDING IN -FRIR AND -VRIR All French verbs that end in  -frir  or  -vrir  are conjugated this way. They include: couvrir   to covercueillir   to pickdà ©couvrir   to discoverentrouvrir to half-openouvrir   to openoffrir   to offerrecouvrir   to recover, conceal  rouvrir   to reopen EXPRESSIONS AND USAGE souffrir  en silence   to suffer in silenceSi tu avais souffert ce que jai souffert  !   If youd suffered as much as I have !,  if you had gone through what I have !Elle ne souffre pas dà ªtre critiquà ©e  /  quon la critique.   She cant stand  /  take criticismTu souffres  ?  Ã‚  Are you in pain ? Does it hurt ?souffrir de   to suffer fromsouffrir des dents   to have trouble with ones teeth  souffrir le martyr   to suffer agoniesSon dos lui fait souffrir le martyre. He has terrible trouble with his back.faire souffrir quelquun   to make someone  suffer  Ã‚  ne pas pouvoir souffrir quelquun to not be able to bear someoneJe ne peux souffrir cette idà ©e.  Ã‚  I cant bear the thoughtIl ne peut pas la souffrir.  Ã‚  He cant bear her.  Ã‚  souffrir  inutilement   to suffer needlessly  souffrir  financià ¨rement   to suffer financially / to be in bad straits financiallyOà ¹ souffrez-vous  ?   Where is the pain ? / Where does it hurt ?Elle a beaucoup souffert lors de son accouchement. She had a very painful delivery. Il est mort sans souffrir.   He felt no pain when he died.souffrir de la faim / soif  Ã‚  to suffer from hunger / thirstsouffrir de la chaleur   to suffer from the heatsouffrir de  (figurative):  Sa renommà ©e a souffert du scandale. His reputation suffered from the scandal.dà »t ton amour-propre en souffrir  Ã‚  even though your pride may sufferLes rà ©coltes nont pas trop souffert. The crops didnt suffer too much  /  werent too badly damaged.Cest le sud du pays qui a le plus souffert.   The southern part of the country was the hit the hardest.se souffrir (pronominal): Ils ne peuvent pas se souffrir. They cant stand  / bear each other. Simple Conjugations of the Irregular French -ir Verb Soufrir Present Future Imperfect Present participle je souffre souffrirai souffrais souffrant tu souffres souffriras souffrais il souffre souffrira souffrait nous souffrons souffrirons souffrions vous souffrez souffrirez souffriez ils souffrent souffriront souffraient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle souffert Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je souffre souffrirais souffris souffrisse tu souffres souffrirais souffris souffrisses il souffre souffrirait souffrit souffrt nous souffrions souffririons souffrmes souffrissions vous souffriez souffririez souffrtes souffrissiez ils souffrent souffriraient souffrirent souffrissent Imperative tu souffre nous souffrons vous souffrez

Must-Read Entrepreneurial Books For College Students

Must-Read Entrepreneurial Books For College Students Must-read entrepreneurial books for college students Entrepreneurship comes with a number of challenges and deciding to start your own business without any prior experience can be daunting and risky. Having a lucrative idea for the business venture is great but not enough. You will have a lot of obstacles to overcome, but even if you do, this will still not guarantee the success of your business. You will inevitably face many discouraging tough problems along the way, so being prepared for what might come can be a great practice. Learn from the experience of the successful businessmen who wrote about their failures and wins in their books, in order to know how to do it right and what business mistakes to avoid. The Innovator’s Dilemma by Clayton M. Christensen This book is revolutionary in its nature. The author approached the idea of company’s success by analyzing why it failed. It reminds that no executive or company is bulletproof, no matter how successful they are. Innovation, Commercialization, and Start-Ups in Life Sciences by James F. Jordan The book investigates how investment is intertwined with the process of delivering innovation. Referring to the real-life examples, the author describes the difficulties which young innovator may face after deciding to commercialize his product on the market. Pitch Your Business like a Pro by Victor Kwegyir If you are a student and would like to start your own business, it is quite likely that you have financial restraints. In such cases, an investor might be of help for your start-up. In order to get one you will have to own a great business pitching style, and if you do not have one at the moment, you will have to learn it. This book will help you acquire your own winning pitching style, and this will serve you good when you get into a serious business world. Speak to Win by Brian Tracy This is another one book that emphasizes the importance of great public speaking skills in a corporate world. Even if your product or idea is brilliant, failing to present what you offer in the best possible persuasive manner can cost you dearly. The author shares with great insights into peoples’ behavior and offers pieces of advice on how to become more confident and grow personally as well as professionally. Gamify: How Gamification Motivates People to Do Extraordinary Things by Brian Burke It is not a secret that in order for the employee to be productive at work, he needs to be motivated. However, many employers do not know how to do it correctly or simply underestimate the importance of the recognition of a job done well. To guide your team effectively, you need to know different encouraging techniques. Many pieces of advice listed in this book will help you lead your team to the success of your business. Setting up a business is always risky, especially if you are a startupper. Yes, you have a lot of determination and energy; you have a great idea and you are eager to present your unique product or service to the world. However, to be ready for the harsh business reality, it is better to be well-prepared. We are sure that the wisdom, which is shared by successful businessmen in the books that we listed, will help you get into the entrepreneurship as smoothly as possible.

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

India - Essay Example In his finding, he discovered that the Machiguenga gave out the smallest amount possible, and none of the second players rejected the offer no matter how small. Unlike the Machiguenga, the Westerners had a tendency to share things on an equality basis. Other people would reject a high offer. A repeat of the experiment in different parts of the world proved similar results. According to the study, Henrich concludes that humans are not similar throughout the world as believed by social scientists who focused their research in America. A system that works for the Westerners could fail in the east. According to Michael Brown, for thousands of years, spirituality has been, and still is a major factor in the Indians lives (History King 1). Everything they do is in accordance with their belief. In India, the people live together as one despite their diversity. Millions of people celebrating their religions gather in the River Ganges during the Komhala festival every year. The westerner could probably never understand the Indians way of life. How a man could renounce every material thing to pursue a spiritual life is still a puzzle to the British. The answer is the two worlds define civilization differently. The Western culture embraces individualism, materialism, rationality, and masculinity. On the contrary, India bases their civilization on renunciation, the female, and the inner life. It is unfair to judge other people’s culture, customs, and civilization by comparing it to our own. History King. â€Å"Legacy - The Origins of Civilization - Episode 2: India, the Empire of Spirit (Documentary).† YouTube Video Clip. Jul 5, 2014. Web. March 17, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffm-0FnVgmw Watters, Ethan. â€Å"We Aren’t the World.† Pacific Standard. Feb 25, 2013. Web. March 17, 2015.

Analysis of Death of Woman Wang Historical Novel by Jonathan Spence Essay

Analysis of Death of Woman Wang Historical Novel by Jonathan Spence - Essay Example The fascinating structure of the book consists majorly on the observation on the people having to do work on the land, their social conflicts and, their family structures. ... 2 In his quest to escape the challenges and the fact of being dismissed, he was not happy to go back to his home in Shao-wu, Fukien, out of fear of disgrace, this instead compelled him into an absolute poverty3. His attempt, after finishing the local history, culminated further into more sorrow. His return to Fukien was accompanied by the Rebellion of the feudatory. Since he was amongst the many literati and former officials, he got ordered to take up bureaucratic "office", it was upon refusing to resume the office that Feng retreated to the Fukien mountains, where the constant exposure in 'bitter weather led to his death. Another key actor aforementioned is Huang who was also a magistrate in the County, stationed in the county’s city. A Chinese imperial official, who had gone past the Confucian examinations and was posted in T'an-ch'eng. Upon coming to realizing T'an-ch'eng as a very poor area, in which, almost the whole population had been decimated. In his attempt, to allev iate the poverty by campaigning for tax cuts, particularly in areas where farming had ceased to operate as usual, taxes collection could help, not only from the rich landowners but also from the poor farmers. He came across a lot of challenges and concerns; one such was the superstitions, most of the residents committing suicides out of the hard life and a series of natural disasters. Though he is compassionate, Huang can safely be considered a product of the unsuccessful Chinese major system Confucian ethics and ideas, overwhelmed by the arrogance and the corruption of the rich and the degeneracy and despair of the poor.  Ã‚  

Elvis Life :: essays research papers

On a hot Saturday afternoon in the late summer of 1953, a beat up ford pickup truck sat in front of The Memphis Recording Studio, where, anyone for 4 dollars a pop could make themselves a record. The truck driver- an eighteen year old, aspiring country music singer who made only $40 a week as a deliveryman for crown electric had saved up four dollars to sing and play guitar as a late birthday present for his mother. A woman by the name of Marion Keisker made conversation with the young man. â€Å"What kind of singer are you?† She asked him. â€Å"I sing all kinds,† he said. â€Å"Well, who do you sound like?† she asked. â€Å"I don’t sound like nobody,† he replied. â€Å"Do you sing hillbilly?† she asked. â€Å"Yeah, I sing hillbilly,† he said. â€Å"Well, what hillbilly do you sound like?† she asked. â€Å"I don’t sound like nobody,† he said. It was at last the young man’s turn. Ms. Keisker went to the back of the studio to get everything setup and decided to stay back and listen to him sing. For his first number, he chose â€Å"My Happiness,† a popular song sung by the Ink spots, and for the his second number, â€Å"That’s When your Heart Ache Begins.† On both songs he accompanied himself on guitar. While performing his first number Ms Keisker was very impressed and secretly recorded the last part of the first song and all of the second song. The Monday morning she gave the tape to Sam Phillips her boss and president of Sun Records. Phillips was very impressed with the young man’s voice. Who would have thought that this silly little recording would soon make a young man the â€Å"King of Rock N’ Roll!† On January 8, 1935, Gladys and Vernon Presley gave birth to a stillborn to whom they gave the name Jesse and 35 minutes later gave birth to his identical twin Elvis Aaron Presley. Elvis was born in East Tupelo Mississippi and was raised by his mother and father who were extremely over protective of him and taught him to be very well behaved and polite. From a very young age Elvis showed evidence of having an exceptional singing talent. By the age of eight he was singing hymns with his mother and father at camp meetings, revivals, and at the Sunday morning services of the First assembly of God Church.

Analysis of the play “Florence” by Alice Childress Essay

This 1950 play by Alice Childress takes place in a train station waiting room in a very small town in the south. The play describes how Miss Whitney, an old black woman, discovers that her premonition of the success of her daughter, Florence, as a black actress is undesirably similar to that of a racist, white society. This troubling discovery has just as strong an impact on the reader as it does on Miss Whitney. This drama teaches the reader how the views and opinions of individuals or groups can influence other individuals or groups, although their views and opinions may be opposite, to approach situations with the same reaction. Marge, Miss Whitney’s other daughter, first introduces this frame of mind to as she accompanies Miss Whitney at the train station. They sit in the â€Å"colored† section of the train station while Miss Whitney awaits a train to Harlem to convince Florence to come back home to the south. Florence fled to Harlem with ambition of being an actress. After she calls home to ask for money, Marge is convinced that Florence will fail because she is a black woman attempting to make it in a business dominated by whites in a racially segregated society. Although Miss Whitney seems to have a little bit more faith in Florence, she still wants convince Florence to come back home. They even have a check ready to pay for her trip home, which is causing them to be late on their rent. This reveals to us that they are willing to sacrifice a little in order to prevent Florence from possibly failing in her quest for success. As Marge speaks to Her mother she reveals her mentality in regards to Florence’s situation, â€Å"She ain’t gonna get rich up there and we can’t afford to do for her. She got notions a Negro woman don’t need. She must think she’s white!† (Childress. 1320) Her mother expresses a bit more faith responding, â€Å"Maybe we shoulda just sent her the money this time. This one time.† (Childress. 1320) As Marge leaves the station we are introduced to Mr. Brown, an old black porter. As Mr. Brown speaks with Miss Whitney we find out that his son and brother are both attending different colleges. This makes it known to the reader that Miss Whitney feels it â€Å"takes an awful lot of goin’ to school to be anything.† (Childress.1322) Mr. Brown also informs Miss Whitney that his brother saw Florence in a movie. This excites Miss Whitney only for a second  as she proceeds to ask Mr. Brown about his brother’s aspirations, as if it were more interesting. The conversation is short due to the entrance of Mrs. Carter.

Equiano s First Hand Experience Of Being Kidnapped

â€Å"In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries.†(Equiano). Olaudah Equiano’s first hand experience of being kidnapped, as a child in Africa, is a poignant accounting of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. This era and actions of the slavers, which we now view as â€Å"Crimes against Humanity,† lasted approximately 400 years from the 16th to 19th century (Smallwood). Many have called this forced exodus of 12-15 million African men, women, and children as a dark time where profits came at the cost of human suffering. As Equiano and many historians detailed, the abduction of Africans occurred mostly in West Africa, the region from Senegal to Angola. The three-legged trade route spanned many continents and areas from Europe, Africa, the Atlantic, the Caribbean, and South America. There were many who profited from the Triangular Slave Trade, from Africans, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French. Many have surmised that profitability in the industries involved and the economies of the European empires relied heavily on the output of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The European colonial empires would typically to trade with Africans for gold, ivory, spices, and enslaved Africans. The slavers would then travel to the Americas and the Caribbean, in what was known as the Middle Passage, the horrific journey where, â€Å"millions of enslavedShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Slave Trade 1149 Words   |  5 PagesTrade In the 1600’s, Slavery played a significant role in European history. The negative aspects that made up the dark times in history are, mainly centered on the brutalizing effects of the enslaved people, which can be best explained by the destroyed family bonds, history of the enslaved people erased, and unjust treatment of the slaves. In Olaudah Equiano’s life there were three ways a person became a slave. Either by one s tribe losing a battle against another, and being forced to serve themRead MoreOlaudah Equianos the Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself1119 Words   |  5 PagesOlaudah Equiano s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, is the story of the eponymous real-life character, Olaudah Equiano, his life, trials, tribulations and journey from slavery at an early age to freedom. For Equiano, it seems that slavery is almost a metaphysical phenomenon. His entire life is essentially characterized by the different experiences relating slavery, from Africa to the Middle Passage to plantation life inRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And Olaudah Equiano1398 Words   |  6 Pageslife through their eyes. Frederick Douglass and Olaudah Equiano were two slaves during those times that were forced into the world of slavery. Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave† and Olaudah Equiano’s â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† are literary pieces that talk about their views, experiences, and ideas in relation to slavery. The narratives of Douglass and Equiano offer true records of life as a slave. In the matter ofRead MoreRacism : Racial Discrimination And Injustice1257 Words   |  6 PagesWomen s Christian Association (YWCA) - Stand Against Racism, racial discrimination and injustice can be eliminated. All across the United States, African Americans are faced with racial prejudice, a negative attitude towards a group of people based on race — not on direct knowledge or experience. This kind of racial prejudice began in the 17th and 18th centuries, when Africans were brought to America as slaves. In 1756, an 11 year old boy named Olaudah Equiano and his sister were kidnapped fromRead MoreSlavery Is Unjust And There Is No Reasonable Explanation For Slavery2404 Words   |  10 PagesGovernment and A Letter Concerning Toleration, he states that there is a situation when slavery would be justifiable. Slavery, according to Locke, is justified when a man has forfeited his life by having committed an act that deserves death to the person being wronged. To Locke, slavery is nothing more than a state of war between a conqueror with absolute power and the conquered. Once a contract has been formed where the conquered promises obedience, it is then that the state of war and slavery ar e overRead MoreSummary Of The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano 2910 Words   |  12 PagesLife of Olaudah Equiano.† The title of this story along, gave me knowledge that this story is not like other stories because Olaudah Equiano is the author of the story and the word â€Å"interesting† stays with his narrative all of these years so there got to be something â€Å"interesting† about this work. Also examiming the title of this work, the reader can notice that prejudices had to be overcome by black people. During the late 1700s , travel literature was very popular. Olaudiah Equiano was born inRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah1993 Words   |  8 PagesOlaudah Equiano is a classical and well known slave Narrative. Olaudah Equiano who also goes by the name of Gustavus Vassa his given name was born in 1745 in a part of Africa that is now known as Nigeria. . Olaudah Equino’s narrative tells the story of his travels as a slave and then as a freeman through the Artic, North and Central America, the West Indies, Europe and Great Britain. This narrative was first published in 1789 and was written by him. When Equiano was eleven he was kidnapped along withRead MoreThe Tribe Not Only Kidnapped Mary Rowlandson1263 Words   |  6 Pages Landcaster was burning, kidnapping was occurring, and men were being gutted, all because of King Phillip’s War. The Native Americans are the ones who set flames to Rowlandson’s life. The tribe not only kidnapped Mary Rowlandson, but her three kids as well. This tragedy is what inspired Rowlandson to start writing and becoming a famous known American author. The beginning of Mary White Rowlandson’s life started in the year of 1637. She was born in Somerset England. A little ways down the road ofRead More Interpretations of Slavery Essay3734 Words   |  15 PagesLucy Terry was the first known black writer in the United States (1730-1821) . Terry was one, among a number of slaves, who was encouraged by their masters to compose and publish literature, as long as it was written in the accepted format and on accepted topics. These early slave-poets did not write on the abolition of slavery, or show any anger toward their white masters. After the Revolutionary War, people became more vocal about wanting slavery to end. In the 1830s and 1840s, there were largeRead MoreHistory Of Columbus s Voyage By Columbus Essay2522 Words   |  11 Pagesadvantages accrued to Spain as a result of Columbus s voyage? Discuss the transition from the use of the indigenous native peoples of the Americas to the use of Africans. What is the plantation ec onomy and how did it mesh with mercantilism. As a result of Columbus’s voyage, Spain accrued multiple advantages. According to the primary source, due to the expedition, Spain inherited new islands discovered by Columbus. Throughout the journey, Columbus kidnapped native men to help him acquire information about

My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - 1330 Words

My Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline† (Oxford University, 2010). This paper will describe my personal philosophy of nursing and reflect on my futures educational and career goals My Personal Philosophy of Nursing Over the last semester as I have continued to gain more insight†¦show more content†¦Therefore, I believe to find a facility that focuses on and actively supports continuing education for nurses would be very beneficial for my career. In addition to the above aspects, collaboration between coworkers and the facility is very important to have. In providing the best possible care to patients it is imperative that nurses can communicate with each other, the doctor, as well as, the facility. By having effective collaboration between all parties, it is easier to find the best form of treatment for patients and provide them with quality care. A nursing theorists that has had the most influential effect on my nursing philosophy is Sister Callista Roy. Roy’s theory utilizes the Adaptive Model of Nursing. This model looks at patients from a holistic perspective. There are four modes under the adaption model: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence (Nursing Theory, 2016). The point of Roy’s model it is the goal of nurses to adapt to patients during sickness and health in these four areas (Nursing Theory, 2016). Because Roy’s theory of nursing allows for adaption to varying types of patients and their needs, it allows for them to receive the highest quality of care possible. Because of this aspect of the Adaptive Model of Nursing, I have chosen it to guide meShow MoreRelatedPersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing When one thinks of a nurse they often think of a caring, compassionate, knowledgeable individual. They don’t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimalRead MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1190 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Megan A. Farrell Moberly Area Community College Introduction I, Megan Farrell, am currently a Licensed Practical Nurse at a treatment center that works with prisoners. I accepted a clinical positon here as a graduate, but plan to work in a hospital setting once I have become a Registered Nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit. I quickly worked my way up the latter from the clinic nurse to the Chronic Care nurse and I am quite passionate about furtherRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1093 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy is a distinct disciple on its own right, and all disciplines can claim their own philosophical bases that form guidelines for their goal† (Meleis, 2012, p. 28). In simpler terms, philosophy is your worldview and thought process of life. Our philosophy transcends into our beliefs and values’, examining our philosophy allows us to discover what is important to us and helps define priorities and goals (Meleis, 2012, p.28). Being aware of our philosophy creates individuality in each personRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the AmericanRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 PagesThis aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession d eals with the constant interaction with patients;Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1081 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 1 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 6 Personal Philosophy of Nursing Caroline Thiongo BSN V Millers College of Nursing Abstract This paper explores my personal nursing philosophy that I will convey in my career of nursing. It is my belief that nursing is a commitment to public service and a desire to help those in need. Nursing is a discipline of knowledge acquired both through formal education and through life experiences. The sum of these parts continuesRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1289 Words   |  6 Pagesalways been my driving force in life and my approach to nursing. This paper aims at talking about my personal philosophy of nursing; a profession I am looking forward to. First, I will base my personal philosophy of nursing on four of the nursing theorists who have added more meaning to my understanding and appreciation of the profession. I will equally mention the driving philosophy of the Santa Fe Community College Nursing Department. According to the American Nurses Association, â€Å"Nursing is the protection

What is Enlightenment by Immanuel Kant - 607 Words

In this paper I will be talking about the article â€Å"What is Enlightenment† by Immanuel Kant. In this paper I will be answering the question that was given at the end of the article. I will talk about what enlightenment and what it entails. What tutelage is according to Kant? Also explain what Kant thought about the subject. What are the conditions for the gradual spread of enlightenment in the community? These are some of the questions that I will be answering in the essay and also give my opinion of the article. This is article is about Enlightenment and what enlightenment entails. He answers the question in the first sentence of the essay. According to Kant â€Å"Enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred tutelage† which mean that man has to dare to able to learn. The main argument of the article is that immaturity and being lazy as the main reason for not reaching enlightenment and not lack of understanding. This is what he called tutelage (Kant, 1). According to Kant tutelage is mans lack of ability to make use of his or her understanding without direction from another person. He understands that most people are very content of following the guideline set by people such as the Church or the Royals in that are in charge. They are so content with this that does want to throw off their naivetà © due to the lack of wanting to be independent. This is why he thinks it hard for individuals to accomplish enlightenment (Kant, 1-3). Kant gives many reasons why people areShow MoreRelatedThe Nature of Existence and the Existence of Nature Essay examples1643 Words   |  7 Pagesof reason helps man understand why and not just what? This concept stemmed mainly from philosophers during the Enlightenment. Learning something for the first time that is accepted to be true, for example mathematics and various proofs, usually ends with us adding that to our plethora of knowledge to ace the next test. However, before the Enlightenment many people believed that through learning, or experience, something comes to exist. Immanuel Kant ended up to be the most influential philosopherRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Greatest Impact Of The Enlightenment945 Words   |  4 Pageswould be very different if the Enlightenment did not occur in the 18th century. With people like Immanuel Kant, Baron de Montesquieu, and John Locke, the Enlightenment was one of the most revolutionary events to ever occur. For example, Immanuel Kant exp lored human experiences, Montesquieu believed that there should be three branches of government, and John Locke believed in the social contract and the ability to own life, liberty and property. The ideas of the Enlightenment drastically changed the worldRead MoreKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesStanford Marquis Essay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason andRead MoreThe Ideal Ruler Of Kant s Ruler1070 Words   |  5 Pagesproposed by an Enlightenment writer, Immanuel Kant. Although Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant lived 250 years apart, both views have advantages and disadvantages in leading a country, Kant s ruler is a early model of a democratic ruler while Machiavelli s ruler was an ideal model for a absolute monarch. Immanuel Kant s view of an ideal leader is more beneficial to the European society during the Enlightenment since it reflect the characteristics of a democratic ruler. The idea l ruler Kant describesRead MoreThe 18th Century Enlightenment1487 Words   |  6 Pages Upon analyzing the contemporaries of the 18th century enlightenment period, it is important to note that the idea of â€Å"change† caused unease and anxiety to settle in. The enlightenment was a European philosophical movement led by philosophers, Kant, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke. These thinkers began to question the way of life in the contemporary world and discussed the potential of â€Å"man†. Immanuel Kant hypothesized that man is immature and has yet to find his true potential. QuestioningRead More Was The Enlightenment Really The Age of Reason? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesof insight to another† Immanuel Kant. Kant’s opinion of reason is that it is a force, which is ever-evolving and constantly building on previous insights. The Enlightenment is a historical period referring to the intellectual movement that swept across Europe in the 18th cent ury. To tackle this question, I will be looking at two texts. The essays, ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment’ by Immanuel Kant, an 18th century philosopher, and ‘What is Enlightenment’ by Michel Foucault, a 20thRead MoreEssay on Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)1093 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) Author of Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). The Enlightenment was a desire for human affairs to be guided by rationality than by faith, superstition, or revelation; a belief in the power of human reason to change society and liberate the individual from the restraints of custom or arbitrary authority; all backed up by a world view increasingly validated by science rather than by religion or tradition. (Outram 1995) In the eighteenth centuryRead MoreFrench Revolution Vs. Immanuel Kant1265 Words   |  6 PagesDWC 201, Dr. Moffett Allison Lancaster Essay #1 French Revolution vs. Immanuel Kant In 1614, France’s Population changed dramatically. The citizens were placed in three classes of rank in society. These classes consisted of the Nobels, who were born of royal blood, the Aristocrats, who were independently wealthy, and then the rest of the population who were less fortunate in life. These non-aristocratic members made up 98 percent of the Third Estate, but even so, could still be outvotedRead MoreThe Future Of Enlightenment996 Words   |  4 PagesFuture of Enlightenment Balpreet Palha 214985881 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of HUMA 1910, York University Mark Terry, TA†¨ Tutorial # 3 Enlightenment was a prevalent topic in the 18th century. In 1784 Kant, Immanuel wrote An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. In which Kant sheds light on the distinction between public and private reason using many different instances. Kant proposes that public use of freedom is essential for enlightenment, but saysRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment was an extensive intellectual, philosophical, and cultural movement that spread throughout Europe, predominantly England, France and Germany during the 18th century. The Scientific Revolution, which began in the 16th century, gave way to a new and revolutionary way of thinking. It encouraged independent thought, the capacity to ask questions, and a progressive attitude. Additionally, the enlightenment arose during a time when there was absolute monarchy and an extremely powerful

Absolutism in Europe Free Essays

Many countries in Europe experienced hardships in the year 1500s due to a lot of ideologies that led to reforms and freedom of the populace form peasantry. Such reformation also embodied the equality among common masses and the continuous spreading of protection of rights for every people in a particular country. As this philosophy continued to flourish in Europe, more conflict began to arise by the common people to be able to claim and fight for that rights they want. We will write a custom essay sample on Absolutism in Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to that, countries like France, England, and Germany also suffered from struggles due to the political breakdown in their lands. Because of that, many sought ways on how to improve the situation in their country and all of these efforts led to the decision of having a single ruler to govern over the land. This also meant the denial of such rights claimed by the common people like freedom from forced labor and land ownerships. Absolutism is defined as a type of government where the full power resides solely in the monarchial rule or the corresponding King of a country. This principle is based on the heavenly right of a ruler to govern a country and that this person should not be queried or challenged. According to this belief, the kingship was given to a person by God, therefore, no one should go against the will of God. With respect to the natural law, the end study still resulted to absolutism. Moreover, while absolutism provides great power on the monarch leader, they still have to maintain good relationship with the aristocrats and other nobles in the country. Members of the aristocracy played a major role in maintaining the rule of king in its good condition. These people supported the ruler by leading the armies of the land against rebels and insurgencies. On the contrary, these nobles can also dispute the authority of the single ruler, making its government shaky. France is a good example of an absolute type of government. Under this government, the political power of France was centered on the kingship and all control over military, taxation and other state affairs is in the hand of the king. However, such control is still fragile because the king should maintain good standing with the other nobles and aristocrats and should maintain a standing army to preserve his rule. With France, King Henry IV laid policies that further strengthened the monarchial rule over the French territory which in turn, provided benefits on the public. In addition to that, King Henry also acquired the services of religious ministers to establish an improved management and as a result, many structures were built that further improved the lives of the people. Conversely, rebellions emerged when higher taxation was imposed by the French ministers, and this made the government weaker and its influence limited. The uprising was led by other aristocrats that defied the orders of the king to collect dues that were beyond the normal taxation. As a result, compromises were made between the two parties to restore peace in France. In countries like Austria and Prussia, absolutism is said to be very effective and was less challenged by wars or rebellions by its citizens and nobles. When the Ottoman Empire attempted to conquer nations like Austria, the nobles joined together that eventually led to the defeat of the Turkish armies. As a result, the authoritarian rule of the present leader on that country was further supported by the people of Austria. The same happened in Prussia when wars continued to plagued the nation and the leader of this country emerged to have saved the country over the possible hardships that â€Å"war defeat† might bring to them. The war also weakened  Ã‚   the power of the nobles who antagonize the Prussian government at that time. In Russia, absolutism was developed and can be traced back when Russia then was conquered by the Mongolian army. The Mongol leader made the people of Russia suffer and even imposed huge taxes against the people. The Mongol leader also appointed Russian nobles to do the tax collection job over the Russian cities which eventually turned against them. When the Russian nobles already gained much resources and support from the populace, they started to revolt against the Mongol rule over their country. When they finally beat their enemies, the ruler of Russia justified the need of absolutism in their country to further strengthen the defense of Russia over its enemies. The tsar also improved the structures of the Russian country like the St. Petersburgh construction. The distinctiveness of absolutism that was in eastern part of Europe by the year 1600s was significantly unusual from that of nations like Spain and France in the western side of the continent. Eastern Europe was able to recover from the stage of scarcity and malady in the 1300s in a diverse way. On the other hand, when population levels in the countries in the western part of Europe were small and there was a lack of manual labor in the medieval era, the peasants were able to attain greater liberty from the said limits occurred in the feudalism epoch. Conversely, in Eastern Europe the landlords and the aristocrats were still clever to constrict the peasants on their lives and as a result, weaken their struggle for freedom. A valid hypothesis for that scenario is that this might happened because those rulers in places in the western part of Europe were much more prominent than in the Eastern towns for the reason that of extensive commercial revolution that happened in the West. These towns gave a substitute and usually a sanctuary for the masses that were not in their original land. Additionally, monarchies in the western part of the continent frequently seen by the populace to protect them from their enemies who would want to plunder their land. The policies made by these rulers were also for the ordinary public to be protected from mistreatment of those who are in the noble families. There are three known countries with powerful kingdoms and these are Prussia, Austria and Russia. All of these nations proved to their citizens the worth of having a single ruler to oversee the whole kingdom and toe welfare of the entire public. They also provided protections for the people who were vulnerable from their enemies like barbarians and other nomadic groups. On the other hand, landlords in the eastern part applied pressures to the peasants to produce goods for other nations rather than for their own spending. As such, the populace was not satisfied with the rule of their landlords in the east, thus, adding mistrust on the kingship of the rulers in the Eastern Europe. In addition to that, there was limited growth in the population in the Eastern Europe and as a result, nobles easily dominated these lands. The rulers perpetually received support from the aristocrats and letting them a liberated life in controlling their own populace. References Absolute Monarchy and Enlightened Absolutism. Retrieved on Feb 25, 2009. Retrieved fromwww. wsu. edu Absolutism. Retrieved on Feb 26, 2009. Retrieved from www. sunysuffolk. edu Reign of Louis XIV. Retrieved on February 26, 2009. Retrieved from www. stetson. edu How to cite Absolutism in Europe, Papers

Is Psychology a Science Essay Example For Students

Is Psychology a Science? Essay In order to answer this question it is important to understand thedefinitions of both psychology and science. The word psychology comesfrom the Greek psyche (or soul) and logos (or study), which came to beknown as the study of the soul. The American Heritage Dictionary definespsychology as:1. the science dealing with the mind and with mental and emotionalprocesses2. the science of human and animal behavior. In its pure definition the dictionary has provided us with a clue to theanswer, it describes science as:1. systematized knowledge derived from observation, study, etc. 2. a branch of knowledge, esp. one that systematizes facts, principles, andmethods3. skill or techniqueIn order to prove this claim we have to look at whether or not psychologycan fill this definition above. Scientific study is a valid way of coming to an understanding of life, andcan be very useful in every area of life. Science develops theories basedon what is observed. It examines each theory with rigorous and scrupuloustests to see if it describes reality. The scientific method works well inobserving and recording physical data and in reaching conclusions whicheither confirm or nullify a theory. During the mid-19th century, scholars (although at that time probablytermed philosophers) wanted to study human nature with the aim of applyingthe scientific method to observe, record, and treat human behavior that wasdeemed as unnatural. They believed that if people could be studied in ascientific manner, there would be a greater accuracy in understandingpresent behavior, in predicting future behavior, and, most controversially,in altering behavior through scientific intervention. There are many areas of psychology, each attempting to explain behaviorfrom slightly different perspectives;Soc ial psychology is concerned with the effects of social situations onhuman behavior. Personality theorists study individual behavior. Comparative psychologists study animal behaviors across the range ofspeciesPhysiological psychologists are concerned with the biological basis ofbehavior. Developmental psychologists study principles and processes responsible forchange throughout life. Cognitive psychologists investigate memory, thought, problem solving, andthe psychological aspects of learning. Analysis of behavior studies the conditions under which a behavior can belearned and the situations that cause that behavior to occur. Learning is an area of psychology exploring how new behaviors are learnedand maintained. Clinical psychologists study ways to help individuals and groups ofindividuals change their behavior. Industrial and organizational psychologists are concerned with the physicaland social aspects of peoples work environments as they affect workoutput. Community psychologists use scientific methods to study and solve socialproblems. As Western describes, the psychological paradigm is a collection ofassumptions used to make sense of a subject area or experience, this can beapplied to psychology itself. Psychology lacks one unified paradigm buthas four perspectives that search for its understanding;The pyschodynamic perspective believes that behavior is a result ofunconscious processes, personal motivation and early childhood experiences. Its most famous advocate was Sigmund Freud. Its method of datacollection rely heavily on interpreting discussion, dreams and fantasies,actions, case studies and a limited amount of experimentation. The behaviorist perspective believes that behavior is learned and selectedby environmental consequences. Its method of data collection reliesheavily on experimentation conducted in the scientific laboratory where thefactors studied can be controlled; or it may take place in a real lifesetting where more natural behavior is studied and far more variablesexist. The cognitive perspective believes that behavior is a result of informationprocessing, storage in the brain, transformation and the retrieval ofinformation. The methods of data collection used are again experimentationbut with much use of computer modeling. .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .postImageUrl , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:hover , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:visited , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:active { border:0!important; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:active , .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552 .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u777d04ba475fbe6be026e00fcea3e552:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Constellation Orion EssayThe evolutionary perspective believes that psychological processes echo theevolutionary processes of natural selection. Its method of data collectionincludes the deduction of explanations for behavior, and comparisonsbetween species and cultures. It also involves a limited amount ofexperimentation. Of these four perspectives all lend common similarities to the traditionalsciences. All have elements of controlled experimentation, as does physicsor chemistry. Cognitive perspectives use computer modeling, as doesmathematics. There are similarities, but there are also differences to anyother sciences, such as the study of dreams and fantasies. The methods of experimentation and research in psychology is completed on ascientific basis. Psychological experimental research would involve themanipulation of a situation to examine the way in which the subjects of anexperiment react, in order to observe cause and effect. The experimentermanipulates independent variables and the subjects responses would provethe dependant variables. By measuring the subjects responses, theexperimenter can tell if the manipulation has

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft Essay Example

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft Paper Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft were both born in the 18th century, within 47 years of each other, and both were regarded as important philosophical thinkers of their time. Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1712; his father was a watchmaker and his mother died while giving birth to him. His father Isaac, who taught him to read, and appreciate the countryside, consequently brought up Rousseau. His father had to leave Geneva when Rousseau was 10 years old to avoid going to prison; he was then brought up by his aunt and later by an uncle. In his writings The Confessions he recalls only happy memories of his childhood, although to the reader it does have some strange features such as not being allowed to play with children of his own age, Never once, until I left my fathers house, was I allowed to run out alone into the road with the other children (The Confessions: Book 1, 1953, pp21). When Rousseaus father had to leave Switzerland, he was put into the care of his Uncle Bernard, who had a son of Rousseaus age. Together they were sent to a place called Bossey to board with a pastor called M. Lambercier, for an education. Up until this point Rousseau had had a childhood with no formal education at all. Rousseau also recalls his time at Bossey with fond memories, and claims; The manner of my life at Bossey suited me so well that if only it had lasted longer it could not have failed to fix my character for ever. (The Confessions: Book 1, 1953, pp25). After leaving Bossey and spending a few years living with his uncle, he was sent at the age of thirteen to be an apprentice engraver. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He lived here for about three years before running away at the age of sixteen to travel across Europe, where he becomes a Catholic briefly before converting back to Protestantism. Rousseau ended up in Paris, leading a somewhat unsettled life, where he eventually died in 1778. He left behind him a cult following, his name and writings became infamous during the French revolution. Mary Wollstonecraft was born in 1759 to John Edward Wollstonecraft, who was a tyrant and a bully, and Elizabeth Dixon. She was the second child of six. She had an elder brother; Edward and four other siblings were born after her, James, Charles, Eliza and Everina. They were brought up as Anglicans. Wollstonecrafts paternal grandfather owned a silk weaving business, and her maternal grandfather was a wine merchant. In 1765 her paternal grandfather died leaving the silk weaving business to her father. However her father was a bit of a snob and he didnt care very much for being a tradesman, so he took the money from the business and invested in farming. This had disastrous consequences as her father knew nothing of farming, and the family spent their time moving from one farm to another, leaving their debts behind them. Between the years 1759 and 1776 they had moved about the country on numerous occasions and tried their hand at farming at places such as Epping, Whalebone, Essex, Yorkshire and Wales. By the end of the 1770s the family fortune was at very low ebb. In 1775 Mary Wollstonecraft met Francis (Fanny) Blood, who became her closet friend and companion until her death in 1785. Her mother died in 1782, and in 1784 Mary Wollstonecraft, her sister Eliza, and Fanny opened a new school in Islington, where they were joined by her other sister Everina. After Fanny Bloods death Wollstonecraft returned to find the school had suffered in her absence, so she closed it and turned her mind to writing by way of making a living. In 1786 she earned herself ten pounds after her first publication, which was a pamphlet entitled Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. Mary Wollstonecrafts life was changed, as was most of the world, by the French Revolution in 1789, and went to live in Paris in 1792 to witness first hand the effects of the French revolution. Wollstonecraft went on to produce many more important writings during her lifetime, one of her most famous being A vindication of the rights of women. Wollstonecraft died on 10th September 1797 of childbed fever 11 days after her second child was born. In 1798 William Godwin, her husband published a book called Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft, which seemed to have a negative effect on her popularity. Jean-Jacques Rousseaus ideas on childhood and education were considered quite revolutionary at the time, and even today they continue to be quite controversial. Rousseau was famous for being a social critic; he felt that social life corrupted human nature. Rousseau strongly believed that: We are all born good, but civilisation turns us all into moral slaves. (Lecture notes, 13/10/03) It is upon this belief that Rousseau wrote one of his most controversial pieces in 1762, which was a novel called Emile. This book was based on Rousseaus thoughts that people developed through various stages and that different forms of education may be suitable to each specific stage. Rousseau alleged it was possible to sustain the original nature of the child by careful control of his education and environment. This was done through a close investigation of the different physical and emotional stages through which the child passed from birth through to maturity. Geraint Parry mentions in the book Emile: Learning to Be Men, Women, and Citizens that: It is intended to portray an ideal of education that is as close to nature as it is possible to attain in the world as we now find it. (The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, 2001, pp249) In Emile, Rousseau divides the childs development into five stages, and a book is devoted to each. The five stages are: Stage one Infancy (birth to two years), Stage two The age of Nature (Two to Twelve years), Stage three Pre-adolescence (Twelve to Fifteen years), Stage four Puberty (Fifteen to Twenty years) and Stage five Adulthood (Twenty to Twenty Five years). (www. infed. org) The books that are most fundamental to Rousseaus belief of childhood being a crucial phase of self-development are books one, two and three. Rousseau attempts to show the reader how a persons self-development can be determined by the way he is educated in his childhood. Rousseaus belief that society was corrupt fuelled his ideas on education. Geraint Parry mentions in Emile: Learning to be Men, Women, and Citizens that The significance of education for Rousseau is that it seems to offer a means of solving one of the central dilemmas of his social and political thought. A fundamental objective is to create a virtuous circle in which transformed human beings could live in a transformed society (The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, 2001,pp248) Rousseau says in book one of Emile: We are born sensitive and from our birth onwards we are affected in various ways by our environment. As soon as we become conscious of our sensations we tend to seek or shun the things that cause them, at first because they are pleasant or unpleasant, then because they suit us or not, and last because of judgements formed by means of the ideas of happiness and goodness which reason gives us. (Emile, 2003, pp7) Rousseau backs this idea up when he writes his Confessions later in his life when he recalls some of his childhood memories, one in particular of his time at Bossey when he was chastised by Mlle Lambercier for a wrong doing and found that the experience of being beaten by her wasnt as bad as he had first thought it would be, and he goes on to say: Who could have supposed that this childish punishment, received at the age of eight at the hands of a woman of thirty, would determine my tastes and desires, my passions, my very self for the rest of my life,.. (The Confessions, book one, Penguin 1953, pp26) It is clear from Rousseaus writings that he strongly believed that Childhood is a crucial phase of self-development. Much of his work was read and admired by Mary Wollstonecraft. She was born nearly fifty years after Rousseau, but his writings on education were something that Wollstonecraft admired: the ideas she had begun to acquire about education, filtered down from Rousseau (The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft, Claire Tomalin, Penguin 1992, pp49) Wollstonecraft was seen as very insightful, in the sense that she longed to bridge the gap between mankinds present circumstance and an ultimate perfection. She was beyond doubt, a child of the French revolution. She saw a new age of reason and compassion close at hand. Wollstonecraft, in her writings, attempted to undertake the huge task of helping other women. Helping them to fight for a better education did this. Which in turn helped them to achieve a better life, not just for themselves, but also for their children and even their husbands. In reality it took more than a century before society sat up and took notice of her beliefs and put her views into effect. Mary Wollstonecrafts experience in childhood and as a young woman, in a class-bound and male-dominated society, influenced and shaped the ideas she would later develop into a feminist argument. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp2) It is possible to see that Wollstonecrafts own childhood experiences have shaped her beliefs on childhood as a crucial phase of self-development. Unlike Rousseau, however Wollstonecraft is primarily concerned with the childhood and education of females. This is because in 1784 she opens a school for girls in Newington Green, near Islington. Wollstonecraft quickly became convinced that the young women they were trying to teach had already effectively been enslaved into submissiveness to men through their previous social training. As there were no qualifications that were needed to become a teacher sadly this venture failed, but it did lead her to start writing about her ideas on childhood and education, especially for women and girls. In 1786 Wollstonecraft was published for the first time. She earned herself ten pounds from the publication of a pamphlet called, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. In this publication she proposed to intentionally explore the enlightenment ideals to include education for women; because she believed their rational natures were no less capable of intellectual achievement than were those of men. Wollstonecraft was for a short time a Governess to the Kingsborough family in Ireland. The position of a Governess was a hard one. She was employed to bring up the children of the Kingsborough family. Wollstonecrafts experiences in her childhood and as a young adult no doubtedly had an effect on her ideas about childhood being a crucial phase of self-development. In the introduction to A Vindication of the Rights of Woman it states; Mary Wollstonecraft may have been recalling her own childhood when her narrator in Maria The Wrongs of Woman says that her mother was a vague and uncertain figure. She seemed to dote on her oldest son, a boy, (Penguin 1992, pp3) it is clear from this quote that Wollstonecrafts childhood experiences, especially those with her mother and father have stayed with her into her adult life. It has shaped her very ideas and thoughts on how parents should show affection and bring up their children. She has dedicated a whole chapter to Parental Affection in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft writes very clearly about parental affection, and she also makes it clear where she believes parents are going wrong with their children; Parents often love their children in the most brutal manner, and sacrifice every relative duty to promote their advancement into the world. (Penguin 1992, pp270), Wollstonecraft is trying to make the point to her readers that the child will only suffer if it is brought up in this manner. The parents will rob the child of the vital stage of having a proper childhood if they neglect everything else while pushing their children to become the child genius they dream of them becoming. Wollstonecraft goes on later in the chapter to describe the qualities of a good mother, which she lists as; To be a good mother, a woman must have sense, and that independence of mind which few women possess who are taught to depend entirely on their husbands. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp272), Wollstonecraft is trying to reiterate that to have any hope of being a good effective mother, a woman must be in possession of good sense and have her own mind. A woman must also be independent from her husband, Wollstonecraft felt that if a woman relied too much on her husband it would effect her abilities as a mother, this is backed up by what she states later in the chapter; Meek wives are, in general, foolish mothers; wanting their children to love them best, and take their part, in secret, against the father, who is held up as a scarecrow. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp272). In conclusion it is clear to see from both Jean-Jacques Rousseaus and Mary Wollstonecrafts writings that they both believed that childhood was a crucial phase in a persons self-development. It was important for them to try to relate their beliefs to the general public which is why they emphasise it in their books, and also the reason that they write about it so successfully is because of their own personal experiences in their own childhood which seems to have provided them with a solid base to work upon in their adult life.